The Clock Essay Example for Free

The Clock Essay A ‘clock’ is an instrument used to determine, record, and oversee time. The word ‘clock’ originates from the French word â€Å"cloche† significance ringer, came into utilization when watches were kept in chime towers in the Middle Ages. Students of history don't who or when humankind â€Å"invented† a period keeping gadget or a â€Å"clock†. Most likely a huge number of years prior when somebody put a stick in the ground and saw a sad remnant of the sun move over the ground, known as the sundial. (Cummings, 1997-2012). After the Samarian culture deserted little information, the Egyptians were close to isolate their day in two sections. A vertical stick, or pillar that is utilized to cast a shadow is known as a sundial. They were utilized as right on time as 3500 B.C.. Another shadow clock or sundial, perhaps the main convenient watch, came into utilization around 1500 B.C. to gauge the section of hours. As the sun moves from east to west, the shadows anticipate the time. They likewise demonstrated the years longest and most brief days when the shadow around early afternoon was the briefest or longest of the year. The Greeks utilized a sundial called â€Å"pelekinon†. These sundials are set apart to anticipate time precisely consistently. They assembled a progressively exact sundial dependent on their insight into geometry. An antiquated Egyptian sundial from the eighth century and a Greek sundial are still in presence today. Water tickers alongside sundials are known to be the most seasoned time-estimations gadgets. The bowl-molded surge is the easiest type of a water clock and is known to have existed in Babylon and in Egypt around the sixteenth century BC. Different areas of the world, including India and China, likewise have early proof of water tickers, yet the most punctual dates are less sure. A few creators, in any case, guarantee that water checks showed up in China as right on time as 4000 BC. (Cowan, 1958) Ctesibius or Ktesibios or Tesibius (Greek: Κï„î ·Ã¯Æ'î ¯Ã® ²Ã® ¹Ã® ¿Ã¯â€š) (fl. 285â€222 BC) was a Greek designer and mathematician in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt. (Starting at 2008, 1768â€2010) He improved the clepsydra in the third century by B.C. by which water that trickled into the holder raised a buoy that conveyed a cursor to stamp the hours. He connected a toothed rack with a buoy switch that when raised would turn a wheel where he introduced mechanical marking flying creatures and ringers to mean certain hours of the day, for example, early afternoon or 12 PM. In the sixteenth century A.D. clepsydras were utilized by Galileo to time his test falling items. A light watch is additionally of antiquated source. Nobody knows precisely when it began. It was utilized to gauge the short lived of time by checking stretches along the range of the flame. Antiquated Egyptians utilized fat, a creature substances to make candles. The Romans were the first to utilize a wick within a light. Beeswax was utilized to make candles during the medieval times, anyway it was over the top expensive. It was said that the Romans and the Chinese would utilize light watches as morning timers. They would put a nail in a specific purpose of the light contingent upon the ideal time. At whatever point the light wax dissolved down to the nail, the nail would then fall onto a tin container and make a commotion. An hourglass or sand clock was a generally utilized time gadget. Its comprise of two glass compartments associated by a thin neck containing a specific measure of sand that gradually streams from the base chamber to the lower in a set measure of time, regularly one hour or something like that. Hourglasses were extremely well known on board transports, as they were the most reliable estimation of time while adrift. In contrast to the clepsydra, the movement of the boat while cruising didn't influence the hourglass. The way that the hourglass additionally utilized granular materials rather than fluids gave it increasingly precise estimations, as the clepsydra was inclined to get buildup inside it during temperature changes. (Balmer, (Oct., 1978)). In the ahead of schedule to-mid - fourteenth century A.D., huge mechanical checks start to show up in towers of a few huge Italian urban areas. These timekeepers were weight driven and wrong. One of the main tickers to strike the hour was in Milan in around 1335 A.D. These timekeepers just had one hand, the hour hand. In 1510, a man by the name of Peter Henlein, a locksmith and clock creator of Nuremburg, Germany, developed the spring driven clock. He is frequently viewed as the innovator of the watch. (Dohrn-van Rossum Dunlap, 1996). In 1557, the moment hand was imagined. Notwithstanding, it wasn’t until the innovation of the pendulum in the late 1600’s that the moment hand got helpful. As power was presented, timekeepers started to utilize an electrical drive to work the dials of an ace clock. The electrical flow supplanted the spring and weight as a force source. The piezoelectric impact given by the quartz precious stones was found by the Curie siblings, Pierre and Paul-Jacques Curie in 1880, however wasn’t applied into a clock until 1929. This impact showed by specific precious stones creating a voltage when subject to an electric field, initiated an electric potential to close by channels, along these lines fueling the clock. These tickers can have a precision of one second at regular intervals. Alongside these innovations, Charles Dowd presents time regions in 1870 isolating the United States by meridians 60 minutes, and 15 degrees separated utilizing Greenwich, England as zero meridian. In 1883 the railways embrace the four time regions for the mainland United States. What's more, in 1918 the United States Congress breathes easy Act’, approving The Interstate Commerce Commission to build up standard time regions inside the United States, and setting up sunshine sparing occasions. At last, In 1949 The National Institute of Standards and Technology constructed the primary nuclear clock, utilizing alkali. A second is officially characterized as 9,192,631,770 vibrations of the cesium molecule. Nuclear clock NIST-7 has been the principle nuclear time standard for the United States, and is among the best time gauges on the planet.

All About Abbreviations

About Abbreviations About Abbreviations About Abbreviations By Guest Author This is a visitor post by Letia Graening. A condensing is characterized as an abbreviated adaptation of a word or expression. In any case, did you realize that there are a wide range of sorts of contractions? Here is a rundown of shortening types: Abbreviation †This structures a word utilizing the underlying parts or first letters of a name. For instance, ABBA, MADD, and OPEC are generally abbreviations that take the main letter from each word to shape another word. Lesser realized abbreviations incorporate scuba and laser. The last models demonstrate that not all abbreviations must be promoted. Initialism Also called alphabetism, this is a gathering of letters, each articulated independently, utilized as a shortening for a name or articulation. Models include: CD, TV, and UK. Truncation This kind of shortened form comprises just of the initial segment of a word. These are regularly utilized when alluding to legitimate titles, for example, months of the year or days of the week, e.g., Mon., Fri., Apr., Oct. Cut †Similar to truncation in that you are utilizing a piece of the word to shape the shortening, however for this situation you’re utilizing either the center or end. Normal cut truncations incorporate telephone (phone) and ice chest (fridge). Aphesis For this situation, you have dropped the unstressed vowel toward the start of the word. These are frequently accidental and coolly spoken adaptations of the words. Maybe the best model is cause rather than in light of the fact that. Portmanteau The mixing of at least two words will give you a portmanteau. A portion of my undisputed top choices incorporate liger (lion and tiger), spork (spoon and fork), skort (shorts and skirt), and brinner (breakfast and supper). A few interesting points when utilizing truncations: Anybody can make up a contraction and many are non-standard. They should, in this way, be kept separate from formal composition. On the off chance that the full word would be promoted (e.g., Sunday or January), try to underwrite the truncation (e.g., Sun. or on the other hand Jan.). Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Writing Basics class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†Cannot or Can Not?30 Words for Small Amounts

6 Ways to Save Time Grading Essays

6 Ways to Save Time Grading Essays (0) Teachers have a lot on their plates, but one of the most challenging and time-consuming tasks is grading student essays. Even if you give your students a 2-page limit, grading 150 papers can take hours. It’s difficult to give each of your students the specific, helpful feedback you want to provide (at least if you’re hoping to also have a life of your own). Fortunately, these six strategies can help you grade essays effectively while still saving time for family, friends, and much-needed relaxation. 1. Focus on a particular aspect of the essay You can use this method in one of two ways: The first way is to grade the essays based on one particular aspect of the assignment, such as supporting evidence or focus and organization. This makes the grading process much faster while still allowing you to provide thorough feedback on this specific skill. You can focus on different skills each time. The second way is to read the entire paper and provide an overall grade, but then focus your comments and feedback on one particular skill. For instance, if you just taught a few lessons on supporting evidence, you could write in-depth comments for ONLY supporting evidence on your students’ papers. For many students, it’s actually easier and more helpful to focus on one skill at a time. 2. Chunk the essay into smaller pieces When essays are full of misconceptions and errors, grading takes much longer. One way to reduce the time you spend grading is to ensure that the majority of your students submit polished final drafts. You can accomplish this by chunking the assignment. For example, work closely with your students on writing their thesis statement and introduction. Next, work on gathering evidence and writing body paragraphs. Finally, talk to your students about conclusions. If you take time in class to help students work on and polish each piece of the essay, grading them will ultimately be much easier. Plus, this process can be very beneficial for student learning. 3. Use peer editing first Another strategy that results in polished final drafts is having students peer edit prior to submitting the assignment. Provide students with a list of questions, criteria, or a rubric to use in assessing one another’s essays. This guide should match what you will be looking for when you grade the final draft. After students receive peer feedback, they’ll revise their essays accordingly. By the time you receive their final drafts, they should be much closer to meeting your criteria. Peer editing also helps students become better writers. Thinking from the perspective of the grader gives them insight into what makes a good paperâ€"and what doesn’t. Another trait that makes a good paper: citations! At , the tools can be used to easily create an MLA format works cited page and avoid plagiarism. There are also handy guides on APA citations, Chicago Manual of Style, and more! 4. Create a rubric Make a rubric that sets out specific criteria and what a proficient essay should look like for each criterion. Asking your students to help you create the rubric is especially effective and will result in more polished papers. The more you use the rubric, the more you’ll recognize what “proficient” looks like according to your criteria, and the faster you’ll grade. Plus, a carefully written rubric can save you from needing to write many comments on each paper. Simply circle or highlight what level the student has achieved for each criterion, write a personalized comment or two, and staple it to the student’s paper. 5. Give collective feedback If you find yourself writing the same comment on paper after paper, providing collective feedback can be an excellent time saver. You can even jot down a few notes on what each class period seems to struggle with the most, or on common errors that you see by class period. This can usually be accomplished by skimming through a sample of essays from each period. To make this process even faster, you can skim through an overall sample of essays and write down overall struggles instead; it’s up to you! Then, stop individually writing any comment that appears on the list. Instead, create a few PowerPoint slides, either for your students as a whole or for each class period, listing and explaining common errors or issues. In class, hand back the graded essays. Explain that they may not have many comments on the paper, but you’re about to discuss the most common errors you noticed. You can then have students find and correct these errors in their own papers or write a reflection on which of the common errors they noticed and how they plan to avoid them next time. 6. Grade electronically Some teachers aren’t a fan of grading on the computer, but you might want to give it a try at least once if you haven’t attempted it yet. Reading typed essays is often faster than attempting to decipher student handwriting, and typing comments is less time-consuming than hand-writing feedback for some graders. You’ll also avoid those pesky hand cramps. Grading electronically can also make revisions easier to track for both you and the student, and you won’t have students raising their hands to ask, “What does this comment say?” This can often happen as a result of the increasingly sloppy handwriting caused by grading a gigantic stack of papers. Bonus Tip: Although it won’t technically make grading faster, you can make the grading process feel faster by offering multiple topics to choose from or allowing students to choose their own topics. This reduces the monotony of grading 150 very similar essays on the same topic, which can sometimes make two hours feel like an eternity. Conclusion There’s no magic solution for saving time without sacrificing effectiveness when it comes to essay grading. But you can try these six methods to make essay grading much faster, all while continuing to provide useful feedback and helping your students grow into strong, confident writers. For additional articles on writing, visit our blog or our grammar guides! You’ll find articles on irregular verbs, how to write a research paper, plagiarism, and many other topics.